LL-37
This naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide is studied for its broad immune-supportive and wound-healing properties.
Laboratory and educational research purposes only.What is LL-37?
LL-37 is a human antimicrobial peptide derived from the cathelicidin family. It is part of the innate immune system, found in white blood cells, epithelial cells, and many tissues. It has strong antimicrobial, immune-modulating, and wound-healing properties. Beyond infection defense, it influences inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair.
Mechanism(s) of Action
Direct antimicrobial activity → disrupts bacterial membranes, killing pathogens (bacteria, fungi, some viruses).
TLR (Toll-like receptor) modulation → regulates innate immune responses.
Chemotaxis pathway → recruits immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells) to sites of injury or infection.
Angiogenesis pathway → stimulates new blood vessel growth via VEGF signaling.
Wound healing pathways → enhances keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization.
Anti-biofilm activity → prevents bacterial colonies from forming resistant layers.
1. Antimicrobial defense — broad-spectrum protection against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
2. Immune modulation — balances overactive vs. suppressed immune responses.
3. Wound healing — accelerates skin and soft tissue repair.
4. Anti-biofilm effects — prevents chronic infections by disrupting bacterial biofilms.
5. Anti-inflammatory action — reduces excessive inflammatory cytokines.
6. Angiogenesis support — stimulates new blood vessel growth in healing tissues.
7. Skin health — studied for eczema, psoriasis, and chronic ulcers.
8. Lung protection — may reduce severity of respiratory infections and inflammation.
9. Potential anticancer properties — modulates tumor microenvironment and immune recognition.
Summary:
LL-37 is a powerful antimicrobial and immune-regulating peptide, acting through innate immunity, TLR signaling, and angiogenesis pathways. It helps fight infections, promotes wound healing, and regulates inflammation, making it promising in infectious disease, chronic wounds, and immune-related conditions.